Free maps - Contour Aus matched with Open Street Map (OSM)
Posted: Fri 15 Jun, 2012 6:46 pm
Hi
As started in another thread but time now to consolidate the ideas. I have been interested in GPS navigation, especially GPSs that display maps. The issue that I have struck is rather poor and expensive commercial maps. Garmin Topo maps are rather expensive and very poor for bushwalking as they are optimised for road use with routable maps. By that, give two points and the GPS will attempt to find the best route between them. They as mentioned lack tracks and even have the geographical features misnamed or incorrectly placed. The second option was MemoryMap but that had a few hidden nasties. So the commercial options crashed and burned for me.
Next step was free maps but on what device and type of maps. Mapping data comes in two broad flavours, raster and vector. Two wonderful terms that define the limitations of the systems. Raster is nothing more than a picture scanned and then calibrated to grid references. At the most basic it could be a hand drawn map. Vector appears to be a term borrowed from mathematics and basically means that the mapping data is stored as points with lines joining them up.
Raster is the easiest for commercial companies to package. All they need to do is strike some deal with the local mapping authority and scan in the existing paper maps. Some might be more sophisticated and bypass the print and scan step and have the maps printed direct to a file. All they need to do is provide a reference grid over the top and bingo they are in business. If they are legally savvy then they can lock other competitors out with commercial in confidence deals with the respective mapping authority.
Trouble is the maps are no more sophisticated than the paper ones. They are not routable nor scalable. Scalable means you are limited to the size and object is originally drawn so you have a lot of zooming in and out to find features. The smaller and lower resolution the screen the worst this becomes. Also you can not search for features. The level of detail is limited by the scanning pixel rate. Here the magic of squares comes into play. A 200 dot per inch (DPI) scan means 200x200 = 40,000 dots that need information on colour/density and placement stored. A 300 DPI does not need 50% more storage but instead 225% more as it has 300x300 = 90,000 points. Here lies the problem. The higher the scanning rate the bigger the file. Now Tasmaps appear to have scanned some maps at 200 DPI and others at 300 DPI. Now what does this mean? Well back to maths again. An inch say is 25mm so using 200 DPI scanning rate you have the ability to resolve down to 0.125mm so on a 1:25,000 this means an object 0.125mm x 25,000 3125mm or close enough to 3 metres can be represented by a dot. A quality GPS has an accuracy of 5 metres so unless you have brilliant eyesight you are going to struggle using a raster map to find small things like huts. So map makers used larger symbols. A rule of thumb I struck was using 1:25,000 maps is you can only resolve a line/track down to 25 metres. Such accuracy is ok for most use but in heavy scrub finding a weak point down a cliff line can be fun where a GPS point could put you within 5 metres. Now with a zoom function you can get in closer but here the size issue comes into play. Using 600 DPI or 1200 DPI the map file size becomes huge. So for better or worst 200 to 300 DPI appears to be the standard that Tasmaps uses.
The final issue with raster maps is they can not be turned to direction of travel readily as the written names wind up upside down, sideways,etc thus making them hard to read. I suppose if all depends if you are a person that orientates north and then reads the map or turns the map in the direction of travel, then whacks your finger on a spot and turns the map around to read the text. Programs like MemoryMap make a simple decision, the maps are not for turning so you do not have the ability to rotate the maps in direction of travel. Also, you can only zoom into the lowest pixel size that the map was scanned at. This means if you have 1:25,000 map and even a GPS plot accruate to 5 metres you can not see this as remember 25 metres ability to resolve to as Memory Map will not let you zoom in past the lowest resolution, so forget about the 1m GPS plot accuracy you have stored from you mega expensive commercial GPS.
Vextor mapping overcomes all the above as the data is stored as connecting points. Sure the more points you have the more storage space that you need for a feature but then you are not storing dead space either. You have the ability to zoom in and out and depending on the skill of the programmer yoru place name stays readable until it drops off to avoid cluttering the screen up. So technically vector scanning is the better solution but cost the most to convert mapping data over as you need to identify a road as a line between two points. Simple if it is straight but not so much fun when it weaves is way over the countryside.
So now to the selection of Contours Australia and Open Street Map (OSM). Countor Australia is nothing more than a vector based representation of the terrain height from base line (sea level) derived from satellite radar mapping. Our thanks must go to the Government bodies that generously provided this data free and the people that converted it into a format that a humble domestic Garmin can use. But this data is useless without geographical and man made features represented on it. This is where OSM comes in. A bunch of clever people have generously donated their time and server capacity to develop a means to collect, collate, manipulate and distribute the data. Supporting them is a growing tribe of people like you and me that are uploading GPS plots or naming streets extracted from aerial photographs by clever programs written by other volunteers. Also adding other data such as speed limits, etc. From this is growing a mapping database that can provide a useful alternative to commercial maps. The biggest bonus is no copyright and my pet hate, no hamfisted copyright protection systems that imply that by buying software you must be a crook.
Here is a good link to OSM Australia that has other links. Just for fun, if you have a Garmin GPS download the IMG file. If you have an iPhone then check out MapsWithMe, the free version of the app is all you need to get an idea of the level of detailed already mapped in your area. Here is the OSM link http://www.osmaustralia.org/. For people looking for a more mature product then check out Shonky Map http://shonkylogic.net/shonkymaps/. This application can be download with 100 metre contour line detail or minus the contours and superimposed over Contour Australia.
Cheers
As started in another thread but time now to consolidate the ideas. I have been interested in GPS navigation, especially GPSs that display maps. The issue that I have struck is rather poor and expensive commercial maps. Garmin Topo maps are rather expensive and very poor for bushwalking as they are optimised for road use with routable maps. By that, give two points and the GPS will attempt to find the best route between them. They as mentioned lack tracks and even have the geographical features misnamed or incorrectly placed. The second option was MemoryMap but that had a few hidden nasties. So the commercial options crashed and burned for me.
Next step was free maps but on what device and type of maps. Mapping data comes in two broad flavours, raster and vector. Two wonderful terms that define the limitations of the systems. Raster is nothing more than a picture scanned and then calibrated to grid references. At the most basic it could be a hand drawn map. Vector appears to be a term borrowed from mathematics and basically means that the mapping data is stored as points with lines joining them up.
Raster is the easiest for commercial companies to package. All they need to do is strike some deal with the local mapping authority and scan in the existing paper maps. Some might be more sophisticated and bypass the print and scan step and have the maps printed direct to a file. All they need to do is provide a reference grid over the top and bingo they are in business. If they are legally savvy then they can lock other competitors out with commercial in confidence deals with the respective mapping authority.
Trouble is the maps are no more sophisticated than the paper ones. They are not routable nor scalable. Scalable means you are limited to the size and object is originally drawn so you have a lot of zooming in and out to find features. The smaller and lower resolution the screen the worst this becomes. Also you can not search for features. The level of detail is limited by the scanning pixel rate. Here the magic of squares comes into play. A 200 dot per inch (DPI) scan means 200x200 = 40,000 dots that need information on colour/density and placement stored. A 300 DPI does not need 50% more storage but instead 225% more as it has 300x300 = 90,000 points. Here lies the problem. The higher the scanning rate the bigger the file. Now Tasmaps appear to have scanned some maps at 200 DPI and others at 300 DPI. Now what does this mean? Well back to maths again. An inch say is 25mm so using 200 DPI scanning rate you have the ability to resolve down to 0.125mm so on a 1:25,000 this means an object 0.125mm x 25,000 3125mm or close enough to 3 metres can be represented by a dot. A quality GPS has an accuracy of 5 metres so unless you have brilliant eyesight you are going to struggle using a raster map to find small things like huts. So map makers used larger symbols. A rule of thumb I struck was using 1:25,000 maps is you can only resolve a line/track down to 25 metres. Such accuracy is ok for most use but in heavy scrub finding a weak point down a cliff line can be fun where a GPS point could put you within 5 metres. Now with a zoom function you can get in closer but here the size issue comes into play. Using 600 DPI or 1200 DPI the map file size becomes huge. So for better or worst 200 to 300 DPI appears to be the standard that Tasmaps uses.
The final issue with raster maps is they can not be turned to direction of travel readily as the written names wind up upside down, sideways,etc thus making them hard to read. I suppose if all depends if you are a person that orientates north and then reads the map or turns the map in the direction of travel, then whacks your finger on a spot and turns the map around to read the text. Programs like MemoryMap make a simple decision, the maps are not for turning so you do not have the ability to rotate the maps in direction of travel. Also, you can only zoom into the lowest pixel size that the map was scanned at. This means if you have 1:25,000 map and even a GPS plot accruate to 5 metres you can not see this as remember 25 metres ability to resolve to as Memory Map will not let you zoom in past the lowest resolution, so forget about the 1m GPS plot accuracy you have stored from you mega expensive commercial GPS.
Vextor mapping overcomes all the above as the data is stored as connecting points. Sure the more points you have the more storage space that you need for a feature but then you are not storing dead space either. You have the ability to zoom in and out and depending on the skill of the programmer yoru place name stays readable until it drops off to avoid cluttering the screen up. So technically vector scanning is the better solution but cost the most to convert mapping data over as you need to identify a road as a line between two points. Simple if it is straight but not so much fun when it weaves is way over the countryside.
So now to the selection of Contours Australia and Open Street Map (OSM). Countor Australia is nothing more than a vector based representation of the terrain height from base line (sea level) derived from satellite radar mapping. Our thanks must go to the Government bodies that generously provided this data free and the people that converted it into a format that a humble domestic Garmin can use. But this data is useless without geographical and man made features represented on it. This is where OSM comes in. A bunch of clever people have generously donated their time and server capacity to develop a means to collect, collate, manipulate and distribute the data. Supporting them is a growing tribe of people like you and me that are uploading GPS plots or naming streets extracted from aerial photographs by clever programs written by other volunteers. Also adding other data such as speed limits, etc. From this is growing a mapping database that can provide a useful alternative to commercial maps. The biggest bonus is no copyright and my pet hate, no hamfisted copyright protection systems that imply that by buying software you must be a crook.
Here is a good link to OSM Australia that has other links. Just for fun, if you have a Garmin GPS download the IMG file. If you have an iPhone then check out MapsWithMe, the free version of the app is all you need to get an idea of the level of detailed already mapped in your area. Here is the OSM link http://www.osmaustralia.org/. For people looking for a more mature product then check out Shonky Map http://shonkylogic.net/shonkymaps/. This application can be download with 100 metre contour line detail or minus the contours and superimposed over Contour Australia.
Cheers